"During extreme events such as shootings, social crisis, and natural disasters, most users do not have direct access to real information," Koohikamaili said.

"Because people want to react and fill in the blanks, they tend to spread information rapidly no matter whether or not the news is true or false and the source is trustworthy or not. Results of this careless and sporadic behavior can go beyond the online context and have several negative impacts on the society, physically and psychologically."  

Research findings indicate most social media users do not invest time in analyzing the information content and source before re-sharing it, Koohikamali said.

"The enjoyment dimension of information quality, however, is a significant predictor of re-sharing on SNSs. We also found people who have higher risk-taking propensities tend to re-share information more frequently due to some personal motives such as online reputation."