India stands at the cusp of a new era powered by Artificial Intelligence, where technology is transforming lives and shaping the nation’s progress.

AI is no longer limited to research labs or big corporations. It is reaching citizens at every level. From improving healthcare access in remote areas to helping farmers make informed crop decisions, AI is making daily life simpler, smarter, and more connected. It is revolutionising classrooms through personalised learning, making cities cleaner and safer, and enhancing public services through faster, data-driven governance.

Initiatives such as the IndiaAI Mission and the Centres of Excellence for AI are at the heart of this transformation. They are expanding access to computing power, supporting research, and helping startups and institutions create solutions that directly benefit people. India’s approach focuses on making AI open, affordable, and accessible, ensuring that innovation uplifts society as a whole.

India’s technology sector is expanding rapidly, with annual revenues projected to cross USD 280 billion this year. Over six million people are employed in the tech and AI ecosystem. The country hosts 1,800+ Global Capability Centres, including more than 500 focused on AI. Additionally, India has around 1.8 lakh startups, and nearly 89 per cent of new startups launched last year incorporated AI into their products or services.

On the NASSCOM AI Adoption Index, India scores 2.45 out of 4, showing that 87 per cent of enterprises are actively using AI solutions. Leading sectors in AI adoption include industrial and automotive, consumer goods and retail, banking, financial services and insurance, and healthcare. Together, they contribute around 60 per cent of AI’s total value. About 26 per cent of Indian companies have achieved AI maturity at scale, according to a recent BCG survey.

As India builds an inclusive AI ecosystem, its growing global recognition reflects this progress. Rankings such as the Stanford AI Index place India among the top four countries in AI skills, capabilities, and policies. The country is also the second-largest contributor to AI projects on GitHub, highlighting the strength of its developer community. With a strong STEM workforce, expanding research ecosystem, and growing digital infrastructure, India is positioning itself to harness AI for economic growth, societal progress, and the long-term vision of Viksit Bharat by 2047.

Guided by the vision of ‘Making AI in India and Making AI Work for India’, the Cabinet approved the IndiaAI Mission in March 2024, with a budget outlay of ₹10,371.92 crore over five years. The mission marks a defining step towards making India a global leader in Artificial Intelligence.

Since its launch, the mission has made strong progress in expanding the country’s computing infrastructure. From an initial target of 10,000 GPUs, India has now achieved 38,000 GPUs, providing affordable access to world-class AI resources.

Implemented by IndiaAI, an independent business division under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, the mission is to build a comprehensive ecosystem that drives innovation, supports startups, strengthens data access, and ensures the responsible use of AI for public good.

India is turning its Artificial Intelligence vision into action through a series of transformative initiatives. These efforts are focused on building a robust AI ecosystem, promoting innovation, and ensuring that technology serves every section of society. From creating world-class research hubs to developing homegrown AI models, the government’s approach combines policy, infrastructure, and capacity-building in equal measure.

To encourage research-driven innovation, the government has set up three Centres of Excellence in key sectors such as Healthcare, Agriculture, and Sustainable Cities. A fourth CoE for Education was announced in Budget 2025. These centres are designed to serve as collaborative spaces where academia, industry, and government institutions come together to develop scalable AI solutions. Alongside, five National Centres of Excellence for Skilling have been established to prepare the youth with industry-relevant AI skills, building a future-ready workforce.

Artificial Intelligence is driving a new wave of innovation that touches every part of daily life, from healthcare and farming to education, governance, and climate prediction. It helps doctors diagnose diseases faster, assists farmers in making data-driven decisions, improves learning outcomes for students, and makes governance more efficient and transparent.

At the heart of this transformation is the Large Language Model, an advanced AI system that learns from vast amounts of data to understand and generate human-like text. LLMs are what make chatbots, translation tools, and virtual assistants possible. They make it easier for people to find information, use government services, and learn new skills in their own language.

India’s approach to AI goes beyond technology, focusing on inclusion and empowerment. Through national initiatives and global collaborations, AI is being used to solve real-world challenges, enhance public services, and make opportunities more accessible to every citizen. From improving rural healthcare and predicting weather patterns to translating court judgments into regional languages, AI is emerging as a powerful enabler of progress in building a digitally empowered and equitable India.

AI is transforming healthcare delivery. It helps doctors detect diseases early, analyse medical scans, and recommend personalised treatments. Telemedicine platforms powered by AI connect patients in rural areas with specialists in top hospitals, saving time and cost while improving care quality. India’s participation in HealthAI, a global body promoting safe and ethical AI in healthcare, and collaborations between ICMR and IndiaAI with countries like the United Kingdom and Singapore are ensuring responsible innovation and global best practices.

For farmers, AI is a trusted digital companion. It predicts weather, detects pest attacks, and suggests optimal times for irrigation and sowing. The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare is using AI through initiatives like Kisan e-Mitra, a virtual assistant that helps farmers access government schemes such as PM Kisan Samman Nidhi.

The National Pest Surveillance System and Crop Health Monitoring combine satellite data, weather inputs, and soil analysis to provide real-time advice that improves yields and income security.

AI is being integrated into India’s education system to make learning more inclusive, engaging, and future-ready. Under the National Education Policy 2020, the Central Board of Secondary Education offers a 15-hour AI skill module from Class VI and an optional AI subject from Class IX to XII. The DIKSHA digital learning platform by NCERT uses AI tools such as keyword search in videos and read-aloud features to enhance accessibility, especially for visually impaired learners.

In addition, the National e-Governance Division under MeitY, in collaboration with its partners, has implemented Youth for Unnati and Vikas with AI, a national programme aimed at enabling students from Classes 8 to 12 with AI and social skills in an inclusive manner. The programme provides a platform for students to learn and apply AI skills across eight thematic areas, such as Krishi, Aarogya, Shiksha, Paryavaran, Parivahan, Grameen Vikas, Smart Cities, and Vidhi aur Nyaay, empowering them to develop AI-driven solutions for real-world challenges.

AI is reshaping governance and public service delivery. As per the Supreme Court of India, under the e-Courts Project Phase III, modern technologies are being integrated to make the justice system more efficient and accessible. Artificial Intelligence and its subsets, such as Machine Learning, Optical Character Recognition, and Natural Language Processing, are being used in translation, prediction, administrative efficiency, automated filing, intelligent scheduling, and communication through chatbots.

AI Translation Committees in High Courts are overseeing the translation of Supreme Court and High Court judgments into vernacular languages. Digital legal platforms such as e-HCR and e-ILR now provide citizens with online access to judgments in multiple regional languages, making justice delivery more transparent and inclusive.

AI is strengthening India’s ability to predict and respond to natural events. The India Meteorological Department uses AI-based models to forecast rainfall, fog, lightning, and fire. The Advanced Dvorak Technique helps estimate cyclone intensity, while MausamGPT, an upcoming AI chatbot, will offer real-time weather and climate advice to farmers and disaster management agencies.

Artificial Intelligence is often seen as a threat to jobs, but in reality, it is creating new kinds of opportunities. According to NASSCOM’s report ‘Advancing India’s AI Skills’, India’s AI talent base is expected to grow from about 6 to 6.5 lakh professionals to more than 12.5 lakh by 2027, at a compound annual growth rate of 15 per cent.

AI is driving demand in areas such as data science, data curation, AI engineering, and analytics. As of August, around 8.65 lakh candidates have enrolled or trained in various emerging technology courses, including 3.20 lakh in AI and Big Data Analytics.

To prepare the workforce for the future, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology has launched FutureSkills PRIME, a national programme focused on reskilling and upskilling IT professionals in 10 new and emerging technologies, including AI. As of August, more than 18.56 lakh candidates had signed up on the FutureSkills PRIME portal, and over 3.37 lakh had completed their courses.

NITI Aayog’s report, AI for Inclusive Societal Development, sets a roadmap for using technology to empower India’s informal workforce. It asks a key question: how can the world’s most advanced technologies reach the most overlooked workers so they can overcome constraints and claim their place in India’s growth story?

The report draws on real-life experiences of informal workers. It reflects the challenges and aspirations of a home healthcare aide in Rajkot, a carpenter in Delhi, a farmer, and many others. These stories show persistent barriers, but also the immense potential that thoughtfully deployed technology can unlock. For these millions, technology must not replace their skills; it must amplify them.

The roadmap discusses how Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, blockchain, robotics, and immersive learning can remove systemic barriers faced by India’s 490 million informal workers. It envisions a future where, by 2035, voice-first AI interfaces overcome language and literacy barriers. Smart contracts will ensure timely and transparent payments. Micro-credentials and on-demand learning will allow workers to upskill at the pace of their ambition.

At the heart of this vision is the Digital ShramSetu Mission, a national initiative to deploy frontier technologies at scale for India’s informal sector. The mission focuses on persona- or sector-led prioritisation, state-driven implementation, regulatory enablement, and strategic partnerships to ensure affordability and wide adoption. It will mobilise government, industry, and civil society, guided by a robust multi-level impact evaluation framework.

The report emphasises that achieving this inclusive digital leap will require more than optimism. It calls for concerted investments in R&D, targeted skilling programmes, and a strong innovation ecosystem. India’s past successes with digital public infrastructure such as Aadhaar, UPI, and Jan Dhan show that inclusive, at-scale platforms are possible.

Overall, India’s journey in Artificial Intelligence reflects a clear vision and decisive action. From expanding computing infrastructure to fostering homegrown models and supporting startups, the country is creating a robust AI ecosystem that benefits citizens and drives innovation.

Initiatives in agriculture, healthcare, education, and governance demonstrate practical applications with real impact. Strategic initiatives like the IndiaAI Mission, Digital ShramSetu, and foundational model development are ensuring that innovation reaches every citizen while fostering research, skills, and entrepreneurship. These efforts lay a strong foundation for India to emerge as a global AI leader while advancing the vision of Viksit Bharat 2047.