In recent years, India has been experiencing severe heat waves, characterized by extremely high temperatures, often surpassing 40 degrees Celsius. These heat waves typically occur between March and July, significantly impacting the lives and livelihoods of millions.

Rural areas, where agriculture is predominant, are particularly hard hit, affecting crop yields and increasing the workload of farmers. Urban areas are not spared either, as the concrete and asphalt trap heat, exacerbating the temperature rise. The number of heatwave days in 2020 was four, in 2021 there were three and in 2022 there were 17. The elderly, children, outdoor workers, and those with chronic health conditions are especially vulnerable to heat-related illnesses such as heat strokes, dehydration, and exhaustion.

The magnitude of India's heatwave crisis is underscored by alarming statistics and data. According to the Indian Meteorological Department, the frequency and intensity of heatwaves have been increasing over the past decade. Reports indicate a rising trend in heat-related mortalities, with thousands of deaths attributed to heatwaves in recent years. For instance, the 2015 heatwave was one of the deadliest, claiming over 2,500 lives. The economic impact is also significant, with losses in labour productivity, healthcare costs, and agricultural output. Rural regions, already strained by economic challenges, bear the brunt of these impacts, worsening poverty and health disparities.

Addressing the heatwave crisis requires a multifaceted approach. Key strategies include developing and implementing heat action plans, enhancing public awareness, and improving infrastructure to withstand extreme temperatures. Governments and local authorities can establish early warning systems and heatwave alerts to prepare and protect communities. Public awareness campaigns are crucial in educating people about recognizing heat-related illnesses and adopting preventive measures like staying hydrated, avoiding outdoor activities during peak heat hours, and wearing appropriate clothing.

Infrastructure improvements, such as increasing green spaces and promoting traditional architectural designs that keep buildings cooler, can mitigate the heat's impact. Additionally, investing in research and technology to develop heat-resistant crops and more efficient cooling systems can provide long-term solutions. Community involvement and grassroots initiatives play a vital role in disseminating information and resources, particularly in rural and underserved areas.

In India, the National Disaster Management Authority recognized the severity of heat waves by classifying them as a disaster in 2021. This decision highlights the significant and varied health impacts that heat waves can have on the population. A total of 484 respondents revealed a range of major health issues attributed to these extreme temperatures. Many people reported suffering from conditions such as fainting, skin problems, breathlessness, body pain, eye infections, backache, and injuries. Notably, heatwaves can also lead to serious conditions like heat exhaustion and heatstroke, respiratory problems, skin diseases, and even mental health issues. Beyond the direct health consequences, there's a noticeable secondary impact, loss of productivity.

In conclusion, India's heatwave crisis presents a formidable challenge, affecting millions and straining the country's health and economic systems.